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Soft ware &Computing
different bias currents and temperatures enables the modeling of dynamic
characteristics, including relaxation frequency, 3 dB bandwidth, and overshoot.
For example, excellent agreement can
be achieved in these cases between
simulation and experiment using the
OptSim VCSEL model for two different devices based on published extracted model parameters (see Fig. 3). 9-11
When the VCSEL must be modeled in
the context of a laser-driver design, electrical terminal characteristics, such as
I-V data at different temperatures, are
required. Finally, additional data such
as output-wavelength versus temperature (for estimating thermal impedance)
and large-signal characteristics such as
turn-on delay can allow a more accurate
extraction of model parameters.
The laser is a critical component in
fiber optic transmitters and has a direct effect on the quality of transmitted
data. Furthermore, manufacturing processes are not perfect and can give wide
variations in laser performance. With
these issues in mind, users have various
approaches for modeling a laser in the
context of system-level simulation using
RSoft OptSim. The choice of the most
useful approach depends upon whether the designer has access to device-level simulation tools, datasheets, or measured characteristics. In the latter case,
the availability of more detailed device characteristics from manufacturers or in-house measurements would
undoubtedly help designers more optimally and efficiently develop and deploy their systems.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
LaserMOD and OptSim are trademarks of
Synopsys.
REFERENCES
1. G. P. Agrawal, Nonlinear Fiber Optics, 2nd Edition, Academic Press, San Diego, CA (1995).
2. See http://bit.ly/17mMK Ya.
3. See http://bit.ly/19tiJbp.
4. See http://bit.ly/13z4D8Y.
5. G. P. Agrawal and N. K. Dutta, Semiconductor
Lasers, 2nd Edition, Van Nostrand Reinhold,
New York, NY (1993).
6. See http://bit.ly/13Wkx J1.
7. M. M. Freire and H. J. A. da Silva, “Estimation
of multiple-quantum well laser parameters for
simulation of dispersion supported transmission systems at 20 Gbit/s,” IEE Proc. Optoelec-tron., 146, 93–98 (April 1999).
8. P. V. Mena et al., J. Lightwave Technol., 17, 12,
2612–2632 (December 1999).
9. M. H. Crawford et al., “Visible VCSELs: Recent advances and applications,” 1997 Digest
of the LEOS Summer Topical Meetings-Verti-cal-Cavity Lasers, 17–18 (1997).
10. M. H. Crawford et al., “InAlGaP vertical cavity
surface emitting lasers (VCSELs): Processing
and performance,” Proc. Int. Conf. InP Rel.
Mater., 32–35 (1997).
11. B. J. Thibeault et al., IEEE Photon. Technol.
Lett., 9, 1, 11–13 (January 1997).
Jigesh K. Patel is a senior application engineer and Pablo V. Mena and Enrico Ghillino are R&D engineers for the Optical Solutions
Group at Synopsys, 400 Executive Boulevard,
Suite 100, Ossining, NY 10562; email: jigesh@
synopsys.com; www.synopsys.com.
